Blood pressure in hypertension

High blood pressure in hypertension is the main criterion for chronic hypertension, which requires urgent treatment. It should be noted that slight fluctuations in blood pressure may occur during the day, this is normal. However, if the high level remains high for a long enough time, or the pressure changes with very large differences, it is hypertension.

What is the blood pressure of a hypertensive patient?

Blood pressure in humans is expressed by two indicators: upper or systolic and lower (diastolic). Normal blood pressure in adults should be between 120/80 and 129/84 mmHg. Symptoms of the disease:

• headache in the back of the head;
• insomnia;
• dizziness;
• fainting;
• pain in the heart region;
• goosebumps or circles before the eyes.

The criteria for hypertensive patients vary depending on the stage of the disease as shown in the table:

The degree of hypertension	Pressure readings in mm Hg. Art.	Symptoms	Treatment
Light	From 140 to 90 to 160 to 100	Blood pressure rises periodically due to stress headache	Diet Normalization of lifestyle
Medium	160/100—180/110	Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart Dizziness Don't faint	Medicines Light exercise Diet
Heavy	Above 180/110	Hit Heart attack Heart arrhythmia Nosebleeds	Strong drugs Strict diet

Hypertension is more dangerous than low blood pressure. You should also be wary of pathology, as there are practically no symptoms in the initial stages. Late detection of the problem threatens with disruption of internal organs and long-term treatment.

How to measure to get a reliable result?

Blood pressure measurements must be done correctly, the accuracy of the result will depend on it. Basic rules for measuring:

• Measure before meals 3 times a day.
• The patient's hand should be at heart level.
• The cuff from the device should be in contact with the skin, but not too tight so that the index finger can be placed between the cuff and the skin. The air should be inflated quickly and deflated slowly.
• Do not smoke, drink coffee, tea or alcohol 30 minutes before the procedure.
• Do not talk or strain your hand during the measurement.
• It is better to measure with both hands. In this case, the difference between left and right should normally not exceed 10%.

Basic prevention methods

For preventive purposes and to maintain normal blood pressure, you should follow simple requirements:

• monitor body weight changes;
• the amount of salt consumed should not exceed 5 g per day;
• Do simple exercises every day;
• stop consuming alcohol and nicotine;
• add fresh fruits and vegetables to your daily diet.

Proper treatment of high blood pressure

You can stabilize blood pressure and sometimes completely get rid of the disease, in different ways: traditional or medicinal. You can lower the pressure at home with tea and tinctures. Drug treatment should be used with extreme caution and after consulting a doctor. With some drugs, blood pressure drops very quickly. Medicines are divided into groups shown in the table.

Drug group	Indications	Contraindications
ACE inhibitors	Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease For complex treatment	Chronic kidney disease Allergic reactions
Sartans	Atrial fibrillation Diabetic nephropathy Intolerance to ACE inhibitors	There are almost no side effects Pregnancy
Beta blockers	Disturbance of heart rhythm Angina pectoris	Chronic lung disease
Diuretics	Removing excess fluid from the body helps lower blood pressure Diabetes	Hypokalemia: long-term use of the drug removes useful substances from the body
Fast acting	For quick relief of symptoms With complex treatment	Individual intolerance to the components of the drug