Hypertension

Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure above normal, usually 140/90 millimeters of mercury.

Arterial major hypertension is another name for it. Arterial hypertension accounts for more than ninety percent of cases. In other cases, secondary arterial hypertension is diagnosed. These include hemodynamic and neurological stress caused by up to 4% of the kidneys, up to 0. 4% of endocrine and iatrogenic substances. Pregnant women also have hypertension, in which an increase in blood pressure is one of the symptoms of the underlying disease.

Different dietary supplements and contraceptive methods differ between different types of iatrogenic hypertension. In general, the occurrence of hypertension contributes to more than 25 combinations in the genetic code of the human body.

Causes hypertension

When talking about the cause of hypertension, doctors admit that the cause is still unclear. Therefore, this disease is also called a disease of primary or unknown etiology.

Theories that exist today and try to explain the occurrence of hypertension are in themselves unfounded and can make a person hopeless without explaining anything concretely or scientifically (when all methods have been tried). The patient is, to put it mildly, treated for the sake of treatment. A person is almost always forced to seek medication to alleviate his hypertensive condition.

There is a so-called system in the human body that regulates blood pressure. It can also increase for various reasons. When blood pressure rises, the walls of blood vessels, such as the aortic arch or carotid artery, become very tense. For this reason, the receptors located in them are irritated. The resulting excitement travels through the nerves to the medulla oblongata. There is a vasomotor center. The activity of depressor neurons will increase, unlike that of pressure neurons, which will cause blood vessels to dilate and blood pressure to decrease. In the case of a decrease in blood pressure, such processes occur in reverse. This explains the normal process of increasing and decreasing blood pressure in the human body. The pressure will not rise without a reason. Everything in the body is interconnected.

Causes of hypertension include:

1. Obesity and overweight. People with this problem often have high blood pressure, which results in hypertension. As a rule, people with such metabolic disorders in the body should control it.
2. In five percent of patients, the cause of hypertension may be a violation of the kidneys or thyroid gland.
3. If a person is not overweight and has a slim body structure. If there are no problems with the kidneys and thyroid gland, then the cause of hypertension may be a lack of magnesium in the body.
4. Five percent of patients develop hypertension: adrenal tumors, pituitary tumors, mercury, lead poisoning, etc.

More specifically, the main cause of hypertension in most patients is metabolic syndrome. As a rule, the cholesterol level in the blood of such patients is impaired. Metabolic syndrome is defined by several reasons: increased waist circumference (more than 80 cm in women, more than 94 cm in men); an increase in triglycerides (so-called fats) in the blood is more than 1. 75 mmol per liter, or the patient is already taking medication to correct the disease; high-density lipoproteins in women should be less than 1. 3 mmol per liter, in men less than 1. 3 mmol per liter; systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and diastolic pressure greater than 85 mm Hg; The level of glucose in the fasting blood is more than 5. 5 mmol per liter. In general, if hypertension is associated with excess weight, it is necessary to check for metabolic syndrome.

In addition, the causes of hypertension are: psychological stress, diabetes, kidney and thyroid diseases, heredity also plays a role.

Symptoms of hypertension

Clinical manifestations of hypertension do not have specific symptoms. Patients can not predict the disease for many years. They will feel high vitality. Although sometimes they can still pass with attacks of dizziness, weakness, and sometimes dizziness. But as a rule, these people believe that it is overwork. Complaints, as mentioned, arise when the target organs are affected. These are the organs that are most sensitive to changes in blood pressure.

In a person, headaches and dizziness, noise in the head, decreased ability to work and memory indicate the initial changes in the blood supply to the brain. Later, double vision, blurred vision, weakness, difficulty speaking, numbness of the arms and legs are combined, but at the initial level, these changes in the blood supply are of a future nature.

If the stage of hypertension is long, then it can lead to complications in the form of a heart attack or stroke. The earliest and most persistent symptom of high blood pressure is an increase in the left ventricle of the myocardium (hypertrophy). In this regard, the increase in its mass is accompanied by a thickening of the walls of blood vessels. First, the wall of the left ventricle thickens, and then the chamber of the heart of this ventricle expands. The same goes for hypertension. Alternatively, this condition can be called cardiac hypertension or hypertensive heart disease. With this form of hypertension, severe morphological changes in the aorta (atherosclerosis) may coalesce, dilate, and may rupture or rupture. In this regard, cardiac hypertension is very insidious.

The sign or common symptom of hypertension is, of course, a headache. And as the most characteristic symptom of this disease, it can appear at different times of the day, with further progression (patients often complain of night time and time after waking up). The nature of the headache may be as an explosion or heaviness in the occipital region and may cover other areas of the head. With hypertension, there may be swelling of the legs, which indicates heart failure. In addition, they may be a sign of impaired renal function.

arterial hypertension

Arterial hypertension is the most common disease of the entire cardiovascular system. The word "arterial hypertension" refers to a constantly rising blood pressure. An increase in blood pressure occurs when the arteries and arterioles constrict.

Arteries are the main means of transporting blood to all tissues in the body. In many people, the arterioles narrow very often. Their lumen is almost always narrowed, first due to spasm and then due to wall thickening. And then, more effort is made to relieve the contractions of the blood flow, as a result of which the work of the heart muscle increases and a large amount of blood flows into the vascular bed. Such people usually suffer the most from hypertension.

This situation is chronic. In about 1 in 10 hypertensive patients, high blood pressure results from damage to a specific organ.

In these cases, we are talking about symptomatic arterial hypertension, or so-called secondary. About 90% of patients suffer from the main form of hypertension or the so-called primary disease. Patients with arterial hypertension often suffer from headaches.

Hypertensive crisis often occurs with arterial hypertension. There are two types of hypertensive crisis:

• The first stage of the crisis (when an immediate reduction in blood pressure is required) is classified as: hypertrophic encephalopathy, acute left ventricular failure, acute aortic dissection, eclampsia, postcoronary arterial bypass. In some cases, hypertension is associated with an increase in the level of catecholamines in the blood.
• In the second stage of the crisis (when the necessary conditions are created to lower blood pressure within 12-24 hours): malignant arterial hypertension without any special complications, hypertension characterized by an increase in diastolic pressure above 140 mm Hg.

Urgent cupirization of a hypertensive crisis is carried out when it is visible: a convulsive form (hypertensive encephalopathy), a crisis in the presence of pheochromocytoma, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary edema, aortic aneurysm crisis.

Studies prescribed by a doctor for arterial hypertension should include: examination of the fundus, study of renal function, study of the heart. He or she may also prescribe antihypertensive therapy to help patients identify complications that may occur during hypertension (hypertension).

Hypertension rates

In order to correctly diagnose hypertension, doctors must first determine the degree or stage of hypertension in the patient and make an appropriate entry in his medical record, so to speak. If the diagnosis of hypertension occurs in the later stages, the second or third stage, then the consequences for the body may be more serious than the first stage of the disease. However, most patients seek medical attention in the early or early stages of the disease. And in general, few people measure their blood pressure at home.

Determine: systolic blood pressure less than 130 mm Hg, normal blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure below 85 mm Hg. High systolic blood pressure of 130-140 mm Hg and high diastolic blood pressure of 85-90 mm Hg.

• 1 degree (mild) hypertension with systolic blood pressure of 140-160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 90-100 mmHg;
• 2nd degree (moderate) hypertension with systolic blood pressure of 160-180 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 100-110 mmHg;
• Grade 3 hypertension (severe) with systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure with values greater than 110 mm Hg.

Stages of hypertension

The first stage of hypertension is characterized by an increase in blood pressure to 160/100 mm, which can occur in a few days or weeks. But under favorable conditions, it usually falls to normal levels.

At this stage, there are generally no symptoms of the disease. Occasionally there may be recurrent headaches, sleep problems, or mild heart pain.

In the second stage of hypertension, the pressure rises to 180/100 mm. Although the patient is resting, it does not return to normal. Along with the increase in blood pressure, there may be narrowing of the retinal artery, hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart, the appearance of protein in the urine during the analysis, a slight increase in plasma creatinine. There may be headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, angina pectoris, shortness of breath. With this stage, accidents such as heart attack and stroke can occur. At this stage it is necessary to take medication for hypertension.

In the third stage of hypertension, an increase in blood pressure of 180/110 mm and above is observed. Almost all patients experience (severe) changes in the internal organs. Often there are shortness of breath, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, headaches, dizziness, sleep and hearing disorders, vision and memory disorders. Development of kidney and heart failure. Stroke and heart attacks are guaranteed. Urgent treatment is required.

Treatment of hypertension

There are two ways to treat hypertension: drug and non-drug treatment.

There are different treatments for hypertension, but treatment symptoms should begin with treatment of diseases with secondary hypertension, as well as with the symptomatic components of hypertension. Non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension consists of salt restriction, a favorable rest and work regime, coping with stressful situations, abstinence from alcohol and smoking, and adherence to a diet to normalize body weight. Only the low effectiveness of this method should be combined with drug treatment.

The purpose of drug therapy is to reduce blood pressure, ie to eliminate the cause of this vascular condition. Mono and combination therapy are appropriate at the beginning of treatment. If it is not effective, I use a combination of low-dose antihypertensive drugs. The first line of treatment is prescribed drugs that improve the prognosis.

• Beta blockers. This is a group of obsolete drugs that have a hypotensive effect by reducing heart rate and blood volume per minute. In his ischemic disease, they improve the work of the heart. However, the side effect of such drugs is bronchospasm, so in our time, most doctors avoid this method of treatment as monotherapy. They also contribute to the development of diabetes and erectile dysfunction with long-term use.
• Diuretics. Saluretics, drugs that remove sodium and chloride ions from the body are also used to treat hypertension. However, most diuretics cause the elimination of potassium from the body. It is better to combine them.
• Potassium antagonists. Used to prevent brain damage. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate in case of hypertension.

Only a doctor, after a proper examination, can prescribe the right means to treat hypertension.

In general, although hypertension is not completely cured, it is safe to say that good results can be achieved in the coordinated work of the patient and the treating physician. It is possible to achieve a stable improvement in the condition of the vascular system and heart function, as well as to improve the level of cholesterol in the blood, which will help to improve the patient's condition. Following the doctor's absolute instructions and recommendations will help the patient to get rid of many of the symptoms that this insidious disease can provide.

Diet for hypertension

Rational nutrition is a healthy diet. It also meets all the needs of the human body for vitamins, nutrients and minerals, as well as energy.

The work of the entire heart system is closely linked with digestive processes. Diet with hypertension has a beneficial effect on the general condition of the patient. A large meal can overfill the culture and thus move the diaphragm, which makes it difficult for the heart to function. Excess fluid also creates a large load. Well, if the diet is filled with large amounts of sodium chloride, water is retained in the tissues of the body, which leads to an increase in blood pressure, which sometimes leads to swelling of the extremities.

Principles of diet. nutrition: it is considered a prerequisite to follow a diet - at the same time eating regularly, the best way would be to follow frequent and fractional meals - three to five times a day, which is very important for excess weight; it is recommended to take dinner two hours before bedtime - a rich meal before bedtime leads to the accumulation of excess weight and obesity, as well as promotes restless sleep; When following a diet, food should be varied and consist of products of different (plant and animal) origin.

What to limit:

• Salt. It is recommended to limit it to a minimum and add only lightly cooked food. In general, salt itself causes fluid retention in the body and helps to accumulate excess body weight. Five grams a day is usually taken during the diet. To increase blood pressure, it is recommended to take salt as a "prophylactic" type, ie with a reduced sodium content. It can also contain essential minerals such as magnesium, iodine and potassium ions. Low sodium products are of plant origin: fish, cottage cheese, meat. Foods such as cheese or sausages contain an incredible amount of salt. They have ten times more natural meat. If the food is not salty or not salted at all, you can improve its taste by adding cornel, citric acid, parsley, cinnamon, cilantro or dill. Dietary salt restriction is very important for the treatment of hypertension.
• Liquid. Reduce your intake of one liter per day, including compote, soup, milk and tea. The purpose of this restriction is to relax the heart muscle and kidneys. You should also limit the intake of substances that irritate the cardiovascular system. These include caffeine and other tonics. They can cause heart palpitations, high blood pressure and insomnia. Be careful with instant coffee, because it contains more caffeine than regular coffee. Animal fat intake should be limited to 25 grams per day. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are closely linked. High blood pressure contributes to the development of a disease such as atherosclerosis, and it can occur in the background. To combat this syndrome, it is necessary to reduce the consumption of animal fats rich in saturated fatty acids and replace them with vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, cotton, etc. ). Patients should avoid foods that contain cholesterol (kidneys, liver, fatty meats, egg yolks).
• Sugar. The sugar limit should be up to 40 grams per day. Its excess is involved in the development of atherosclerosis.
• Bakery products. Patients with hypertension are often overweight. In this case, reduce the amount of calories in food, thereby not only limiting the consumption of sugar, but also jams, flour products, white bread, etc. consumption should be limited. In such cases, fasting days are best welcomed as a very effective tool. However, only on the advice of the doctor observing the patient. You can organize fasting days once a week. That is, absolutely nothing to eat, just drink water. This will help you lose weight a lot. You can also arrange cottage cheese days: 400 grams of cottage cheese for five doses, two cups of kefir, two cups of unsweetened and weak tea. You can also arrange apple days: two kilograms of apples for five doses.

You should increase your intake of:

• potassium. Its products are very useful in the treatment of hypertension. And these products should be more. Potassium improves the function of the heart muscle, as well as helps to remove excess fluid. Potassium salts can be found in large amounts in vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as in juices. They are also rich in cabbage, potatoes, pumpkin, apricots, plums, raisins, dried apricots, hips.
• Magnesium. It is necessary to provide the body with magnesium. Potassium is needed in the treatment of hypertension. Magnesium salts have a vasodilating effect, which helps prevent vasospasm. This macronutrient is found in bran bread and rye bread, as well as oats, wheat, millet, buckwheat, barley, beets, carrots, lettuce, parsley, black currants, walnuts and almonds.
• Iodine. Iodine also has a positive effect on metabolism and metabolism in general during hypertension. Foods containing iodine: fish, seaweed, squid. Salt restriction is to provide the body with a sufficient amount of magnesium and potassium salts, which are key features of therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition for arterial hypertension.

In general, the ratio of diet and treatment should be agreed with the doctor observing the patient, because if any prescription is violated, there can be serious consequences for the body.

Folk remedies for hypertension

Folk remedies for hypertension are very, very effective. Its effects will be more lasting and positive, but only if the patient leads a healthy lifestyle and adheres to a strict diet.

How to accurately treat hypertension with folk remedies?

Herbal decoctions, as well as infusions for the treatment of hypertension, prepared according to folk recipes, doctors recommend using them for a long time. You can take a break of five or ten days every two to three months. These payments and decoctions include special herbs to lower blood pressure. They also have sedative, sedative, diuretic and antispasmodic effects. Such collections contain many certain compounds that have a beneficial effect on our body. They are called biologically active compounds. These include: macronutrients and trace elements, vitamins, phytoncides, organic acids and other substances.

Examples of folk recipes used for hypertension:

1. Peeled onions - three kilograms, flower honey - half a kilo, vodka - half a liter, partition nuts - about thirty pieces. The method of preparation is to squeeze the juice from the onion, mix it with honey and add the nut partitions to this mixture. All this is poured with vodka and brewed for about ten days. After that, this infusion can be taken one tablespoon, three times a day.
2. One lemon, two glasses of beet juice, one and a half glasses of cornel juice, a glass of vodka, 250 grams of rose honey. Mix all this and take a tablespoon twice a day on an empty stomach.
3. Take half a cup of honey and chopped beets. Mix everything and take a tablespoon three times a day for three months.

In addition, bee venom has good diuretic properties and blocks blood vessels, dilates them. This action lowers blood pressure. Therefore, it is recommended to sting their limbs with bees twice a week.

Traditional medicine recommends the use of royal jelly and propolis. They are good strong antioxidants, as well as reduce fatigue and help cleanse the body, increase resistance to nervous and physical stress.

Aronia fruits are also prescribed in the treatment of hypertension. They can be cooked in the form of jellies, compotes, fruit drinks, syrups and even jams. The juice obtained from these fruits has a great therapeutic effect, taken three times a day for half an hour before meals.